naxshircyalbadebs,romelta molekulebshi ormagi an sammagi bmebia,ujeri naxshircyalbadebi ewodeba.

alkenebi ecodeba naxshircyalbadebs,romelta molekulashi naxshirbadatomebs shoris erti ormagi bmaa.alkenebis zogadi pormulaa:CnH2n

ujer naxshircyalbadebs,romelta molekulebshi naxshirbadis atomebs shoris aris sammagi bma,alkinebi ecodeba.mati zogadi pormulaa:CnH2n-2

                                                ujeri naxshircyalbadebi

naxshircyalbadebs,romlebshic naxshirbadatomebi mxolod martivi kovalenturi bmebit ukavshirdeba ertmanets najeri naxshircyalbadebi,anu alkanebi ecodeba.organul naertta rigs,romlis yoveli shemdgomi cevri cina cevrisgan damatebit 

CH2  jgupit gansxvavdeba homologiuri rigi ecodeba

alkanis homologiuri rigis naxshircyalbadebis zogadi pormulaa:

cnH2n+2

alkanebis homologiuri rigi

1)metani Ch4

2)etani Ch3Ch3

3)propani Ch3Ch2Ch3

4)butani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch3

5)pentani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

6) heksani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

7)heptani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

8)oqtani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

9)nonani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

10)dekani Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3

                                              naxshircyalbadebi

organul nivtierebebs,romelta molekulebi shedgeba mxolod naxshirbadisa da cyalbadis atomebisgan,naxshircyalbadebi ecodebat!!!                                                                                         naxshircyalbadebis shedgenilobas gamosaxaven zogadi pormulit:

cxHy